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    Founded in 1938 and re-established in 1969, Offaly History (Offaly Historical and Archaeological Society) aims to preserve and promote the rich heritage of County Offaly. Since 1993, the Society has occupied premises at Bury Quay, Tullamore offering a Bookshop, library, reading room, and lecture hall for researcher and members of the public.  Offaly History Centre is beside the new Aldi Supermarket and Old Warehouse restaurant), and best approached from Kilbride Street via Patrick Street or Main Street.

    The main objective of the society is the collection and sharing of research and memories. We do this in an organised way; through exhibitions, the publication of local interest books, weekly blog posts, monthly lectures, and more. The bookshop and reading rooms at Bury Quay are open to the public Monday to Friday, 9am-4:30pm. Regular updates can also be found at our website, www.Offalyhistory.com and on our social media channels on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and X.

    To promote Offaly History including community and family history

    What we do:

    • Promote all aspects of history in Co. Offaly.
    • Genealogy service for counties Laois and Offaly.
    • Photographic collections of County Offaly
    • Purchase and sale of Offaly interest books though the Society’s book store and website with over 3000 history books in our shop and up to 1000 online.
    • Publication of books under the Society’s publishing arm Esker Press.
    • The Society subscribes to almost all the premier historical journals in Ireland.
    • The Society manages the collections if Offaly Archives under the care of a professional archivist.

    Our Society covers a diverse range of Offaly Heritage:

    • Architectural heritage, historic monuments such as monastic and castle buildings.
    • Industrial and urban development of towns and villages.
    • Archaeological objects and artefacts.
    • Flora, fauna and bogs, wildlife habitats, geology and Natural History.
    • Landscapes, heritage gardens and parks, farming and inland waterways.
    • Local literary, social, economic, military, political, scientific and sports history.
    Offaly History is a non-profit community group with a growing membership of some 150 individuals. The Society focuses on enhancing educational opportunities, understanding and knowledge of the county heritage while fostering an inclusive approach and civic pride in local identity. We promote these objectives through:
    • The holding of monthly lectures, occasional seminars, exhibitions and social media. Organising tours during the summer months to places of shared historical interest.
    • The publication of an annual journal Offaly Heritage – to date twelve issues.
    • We play a unique role collecting and digitising original primary source materials, especially photographs and oral history recordings
    • Offaly History is the centre for Family History research in Counties Laois and Offaly.
    • The Society is linked to the renowned Irish Family Foundation website and Roots Ireland where some 1,000,000 records of Offaly/Laois interest can be accessed on a pay-per-view basis worldwide. Currently these websites have an estimated 20 million records of all Ireland interest.
    • A burgeoning library of books, CD-ROMs, videos, DVDs, oral and folklore recordings, manuscripts, newspapers and journals, maps, photographs and various artefacts (now over 25,000 items and a catalogue online)
    • OHAS Collections
    • OHAS Centre Facilities
    The financial activities of the Society are operated under the aegis of Offaly Heritage Centre c.l.g, a charitable company whose directors also serve on the Society’s elected committee. None of the Society’s directors receive remuneration or any kind. All the company’s assets are held in trust to promote the voluntary activities of the Society. Our facilities are largely free to the public or run purely on a costs-recovery basis.

    Acting as a policy advisory body –  Offaly History endeavors to ensure all government departments, local authorities, tourism agencies and key opinion formers prioritise heritage matters.

    Meet the current committee: Our Committee represents a broad range of backgrounds and interests. All share a common interest in collecting and promoting the heritage of the county and making it available to the wider community.

    2024 Committee
    • Helen Bracken (President)
    • Shaun Wrafter (Vice President)
    • Michael Byrne (Secretary)
    • Dorothee Bibby (Treasurer)
    • Charlie Finlay (Assistant Treasurer)
    • Niall Sweeney
    • Ciarán McCabe
    • Noel Guerin
    • Angela Kelly
    • Rory Masterson
    • Oliver Dunne
    • Frank Brennan
    • Pat Wynne
    • Laura Price
    Co-opted
    • Reneagh Bennett
    • Michael Scully
    • Jim Keating
    • Eamon Larkin
    If you would like to help with the work of the Society by coming on a sub-committee or in some other way please email us at [email protected] or let an existing member know.  
    +353-5793-21421 [email protected] Open 9am-4.30pm Mon-Fri

    Birr Barracks WW1 Trench Dig, by Stephen Callaghan

    As part of the events for the 50th Birr Vintage Week, a set of mock WW1 trenches were excavated in the training grounds of Birr Barracks. The excavation, which was the first of its kind in the Republic of Ireland, helped provide further information about the training structure put in place to train men for life in the trenches. This article gives a brief overview of the barracks itself and its long colourful history.

    Introduction

    The start of the nineteenth century saw the requirement of a barracks for Birr, as soldiers stationed in the town at the time were accommodated in private billets. A barracks was planned and a site at Crinkill selected. Construction began in 1809 with the barracks completed in 1812. Stone was quarried locally with Wicklow granite being used for steps and window sills.

    At the time of construction, the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) were raging in Europe. The British were fearful of a French invasion of Ireland, so began a program of building fortifications along the River Shannon, and at likely land points at Galway Bay and the Shannon Estuary. While the barracks in Birr was not part of this fortification program it could, if necessary, provide troops to defend the crossing points at Banagher and Portumna.

    The barracks was large. It was built around two quadrangles and could accommodate around 1200 soldiers. In addition to the two parade grounds, the adjacent land, the Fourteen Acres, was used for training and sports. The Fourteen Acres was an important space for training and saw many interesting events occur on it. In 1877 new colours were presented to the 53rd Regiment of Foot, by the Duke of Connaught, the third son of Queen Victoria.

    Birr barracks in its heyday

    The garrison developed overtime with further additions including a hospital, gas works, church, cemetery, married quarters and canteen. The canteen gave employment to retired soldiers and even had its own currency. Towards the end of the nineteenth century the barracks was no longer meeting the sanitary requirements of the time, as a result line infantry regiments stopped occupying it in 1897. It did however remain the depot for the Leinster Regiment.

    The Military Cemetery

    When soldiers weren’t marching on the parade ground they often spent considerable time in barracks. With conditions often cramped it was possible for infectious diseases to spread. Many cases often resulted in death. When soldiers, their wives or children died they were initially buried in the town’s already established burial grounds of St. Brendan’s or the ‘new church yard’ which had been established to cater for military burials.

    The Military Cemetery, Birr

    Towards the mid-nineteenth century the burial grounds of Birr were overcrowded and in an appalling state, something had to be done. The military solved this problem by opening a burial ground of their own in 1853, located in the North West corner of the Fourteen Acres. The burial ground was originally half the size it is today, later being extended when it began to fill up.

    The cemetery ceased to be used once the British Army left Birr in 1922. Today the cemetery contains 52 memorials which record the names of 62 soldiers, women and children. There are also at least another 213 unmarked burials.

    The Leinster Regiment

    In 1881 the British Army underwent reforms, these were known as the Childers reforms named after the then Secretary of State for War, Hugh Childers. Previously infantry regiments were organised by numbers, these now changed to formal names and regiments would consist of two regular infantry battalions and three militia battalions. This saw the creation of the Leinster Regiment from the 100th and 109th Regiments of Foot which had their depot in Birr since 1873. The old King’s County militia became the 3rd (militia) Battalion of the Leinster Regiment.

    The regiment consisted of two line infantry battalions and three militia/reserve battalions. During the Great War, two service battalions were raised. Birr Barracks served as the regiment’s depot up until February 1922 when the army left. The regiment was later disbanded in June 1922.

    Today Crinkill and Birr still retain many strong links with the regiment. In 1964 the Old Comrade’s Association unveiled a memorial window in St. Brendan’s church to commemorate all those who served in the regiment.

    The Boer War

    The Boer War broke out in 1899. It was the product of several factors, the main one was the attempted annexation of the two independent Boer states of Orange Free State and Transvaal by Britain. This was due to a major gold discovery. Initially the British were unprepared for the war, but by 1900 several 100,000 British reinforcements were on their way to South Africa.

    The 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Leinster Regiment served in the conflict. The 3rd (Militia) Battalion, volunteered for overseas service. Three hundred officers, non-commissioned officers and men landed in South Africa in March 1900. During their time in South Africa they endured the hot climate and the tedious task of block house duty. Their time in South Africa saw the battalion lose a number of men, mainly due to sickness and disease.

    The 3rd Battalion left South Africa and arrived home in Birr on 26 May 1902, they received a warm welcome home at Birr Barracks where the men were presented with their campaign medals and a hot dinner. Birr Urban District Council welcomed the men home too, which was controversial considering that the Council consisted mainly of nationalists.

    A memorial was erected in front of the Garrison church to commemorate the men of the battalion who had died in South Africa. This was later moved after the burning of the barracks to its current location in the military cemetery.

    Newly excavated training trench at the Fourteen Acres, Birr Barracks

    The Great War

    During the Great War there was much activity around the barracks. Some 6000 men were recruited for Kitchener’s new armies at Birr. Many Birr families saw fathers, brothers and sons join up, of whom one hundred would never return home.

    Mock trenches were dug in the Fourteen Acres to help train the new recruits. The trenches ran zig-zag in a north-south orientation and were in the eastern end of the grounds. There were at least two sets of them dug for training purposes. Crops were also grown in the Fourteen Acres to provide the garrison with more food. Later in 1919 an airfield was constructed and galvanised huts housed six bi-planes.

    End of an Era  

    The British Army left Birr Barracks in February 1922, which were then handed over to the IRA. It was burnt by anti-Treaty forces during the Irish Civil War on 14 July 1922. The Leinster Regiment Depot changed to Colchester.

    The Anglo-Irish Treaty and the down sizing of the British Army saw the disbandment of five historic Southern Irish Regiments. Disbandment took place at Windsor Castle on 12 June 1922 where the colours of the regiments were presented to King George V.

     

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